A corps would be made up of two or more divisions and each corps used a Roman numeral for its designation. Prior to arranging corps, the Confederates had sometimes (and informally) used what were called “wings” or “grand divisions” to further group their armies. In 1862, the Confederates began organizing their armies using corps in September in the east, and in November in the west. McClellan and President Abraham Lincoln organized the first corps in the Union Army in March, 1862.
An army was further divided into Corps.Ĭorps – A corps was commanded by a brigadier general or a major general for the Union, and with the Confederate States of America a corps was commanded by a lieutenant general. The way of naming the armies was not always followed by either the North or the South and exceptions can be found, sometimes or often leading to confusion.Ī confusing example of the way armies were named is this example: the Union had the Army of the Tennessee, while the Confederates had the Army of Tennessee. The Confederate armies were commanded by a general and were usually named after the area from which they were based (for example, the Army of Northern Virginia). The Union armies were commanded by a major general and were usually named after rivers (for example, the Army of the Potomac). The force of men an army could bring would be added to, and subtracted from, with the ebb and flow of war.Īrmy – An army is the largest field force unit of military organization.
As the Civil War progressed, the size of the various units would change due to loss of men by disease, death, or injury. The descriptions below can be considered the ideal or desired make up of the units.
The units are listed from the largest to the smallest. Here is an explanation of the basic way both the Union and Confederate armies were organized.
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